This note explains the physics of waves and oscillations including sound, elastic and electromagnetic waves. Infrasound consists of frequencies below 20 hz, audible sound consists of frequencies between 20 hz and 20,000 hz 20 kilohertz, and ultrasound consists of frequencies over 20 khz. The physics of waves helps to explain the process by which sound is produced, travels, and is received. Vshaped disturbance made by an object moving through a fluid at a speed greater than the speed of the wave. The understanding of physics of waves followed the physics of oscillations of masses tied to springs and physics of the simple. The speed of a wave on a string is given by the formula, where is the linear density given by. Waves can be transverse or longitudinal, depending on the direction of the vibration of the wave. Oscillations and mechanical waves physics science khan. Preface these are the lecture notes provided for physics 224, the physics of music, taught at mcgill university in fall 2006. Sound waves in air and under water are longitudinal. A medium is the substance through which the wave travels. It is a longitudinal wave when the particles of the medium oscillate parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave. Sound it is composed of waves of compression and rarefaction inwhich the human ear is sensitive 2. In this wave motion, people stand up and sit down as the wave passes.
Benjamin cardozo we would accomplish many more things if we did not think of them as impossible. As a longitudinal wave, sound is a rapid variation in pressure that propagates. Regions of above normal pressure regions under compression are called compressions or condensations. A riview of the principles and applications of sound wave. Introduction to the physics of waves and sound uvic. Apr 06, 2020 sound, a mechanical disturbance from a state of equilibrium that propagates through an elastic material medium. Velocity of a wave is defined as the product of the frequency and the wavelength. Mar 01, 20 this article describes several possible physics demonstrations of sound waves using visual analyser va. In general, sound waves in any medium can be a mixture of. Sound waves write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided. This article describes several possible physics demonstrations of sound waves using visual analyser va. Jee mains mcq multiple choice question from physics, chemistry and mathematics. The equation of wave motion and the velocity potential are introduced.
The suggested demonstrations are suitable for physics classroom during teaching and. They were written by the instructor in fall 2005 and represent a. Sound waves consist of areas of high and low pressure called compressions and rarefactions, respectively. A standing wave has formed which has seven nodes including the endpoints. Sound waves can be reflected by hard, flat surfaces, and absorbed by soft ones. A sound wave is both the end product of the speech production mechanism and the primary source of raw material used by the listener to recover the speakers message. Repeated motion sends out periodic sound waves p p. Sound is a mechanical, longitudinal wave as a mechanical wave, sound requires a medium sound cannot propagate through a vacuum. Light, water waves and waves on a string are examples of transverse waves. Vibrations in air are called traveling longitudinal waves, which we can hear. Physics department, 2320 chamberlin hall university of wisconsinmadison 1150 university avenue madison, wi 5370690 6082624526. It can begin either from simple harmonic motions shms or from complicated motions. In the case of sound waves, the vibrations create a series of compressions and expansions and the wave travels along the compression in the direction of the propagation.
Lecture 11 chapter 16 waves i university of virginia. Sound wave spm physics form 4form 5 revision notes. The vibrating body causes the medium water, air, etc. A particular guitar string is supposed to vibrate at 200 hz but vibrates at 205 hz. Peoples physics book ch 112 distance between them, the spring constant, and the mass. Even more important, though only touched on in this book, is the wave phenomenon of quantum mechanics, built into the fabric of our space and time. Even more important, though only touched on in this book, is the wave. Rank in order, from largest to smallest, their wave speeds v. A wave is a disturbance that propagates through space. Superposition and standing waves we are what we believe we are. A wave is a periodic disturbance that carries energy from one place to another. Wave a disturbance travelling through something that carries energy and momentum from one place to another there are 3 main characteristics of waves.
A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without requiring any net flow of mass. The physics of waves howard georgi harvard university originally published by. Bending waves in a beam or plate, and water waves are a mixture of shear and longitudinal waves. If a sound wave hits your ear and makes it vibrate, you hear the sound. The molecules in the medium, as they are forced to vibrate back and forth, generate heat. The alternating configuration of c and r of particles is described by the graph of a sine wave ccrests, rtroughs the. Mechanical waves need a medium in which to travel, but electromagnetic waves do not. The frequency of the transmitted wave will be the same as the initial wave, but its wavelength and speed will be different, such that f v. Pdf waves, light waves, sound waves and ultrasound the. Chapter 16 waves and sound 181 if you gather the spring up into a bunch and let it go, you create a longitudinal wave, in which the spring vibrates in a direction which is parallel to the direction of motion of the wave. At a football game, the wave might circulate through the stands and move around the stadium. Part 2 wave motion and sound the general discussion of wave motion is important because the ideas of wave propagation are ubiquitous.
As a longitudinal wave, sound is a rapid variation in pressure that propagates regions of above normal pressure regions under compression are called compressions or condensations regions of below normal pressure. It simply follow an orderly pattern or coherence, of motion. Sound is a wave that is produced by objects that are vibrating. Wave motion and sound pdf 11p currently this section contains no detailed description for the page, will update this page soon. Thus, it is the simplest of the experiments in the package. How does the vibration frequency relate to the frequency of the wave created. The big idea santa cruz institute for particle physics. It travels through a medium from one point, a, to another point, b. Standing waves and sound level solutions sound level 1. Sound waves in physics relation, sound wave, 7 april, 2014.
Alright so we definitely got a displacement wave here, but look here weve also got these molecules that are close to each other here and we can say that, that leads to a high pressure zone. The vibration can come from a tuning fork, a guitar string, the column of air in an organ pipe. Sound, a mechanical disturbance from a state of equilibrium that propagates through an elastic material medium. The fourth section uses the ideal string model to derive the onedimensional homogeneous wave equation. Holt physics 2 section quizzes assessment sound section quiz. Class22 waves and sound home boston university physics. There are less visible but equally pervasive sound waves and electromagnetic waves. This experiment concentrates on some of the basic concepts used in the study of the physics of sound. E youngs modulus for a solid material, or the bulk modulus for a fluid.
Does the wind affect the pitch of the factory whistle you hear of a windy day. For now, well focus on mechanical waves, requiring a medium in which to travel. A region of increased pressure on a sound wave is called a compression or condensation. Because of the central role played by sound in speech communication, it is important to have a good. The forward and backward vibration of the air molecules in the direction of motion of a sound wave shows that sound is a longitudinal wave. Sep 04, 2019 jee mains mcq multiple choice question from physics, chemistry and mathematics. In nearly all areas of science and therefore real life energy is transferred via the vibrations. The physics of waves version date february 15, 2015. Sound waves gcserevision, physics, waves, soundwaves. The wave requires a medium through which to travel, but there is no net flow of mass. Mechanical waves sound waves, waves on water are a. Wave a disturbance travelling through something that carries energy and momentum from one place to another there are. Sound wave is a series of compression and rarefaction of layers of air molecules repeatedly through space. To study the properties of common waves waves on strings, sound waves, and light waves.
Phys 101 lecture 20 10 when a wave on a string hits a boundary with a section of the string having a different mass, which do you expect to be the same between the two sections of the string. Overview of sound waves by ron kurtus physics lessons. If the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of propagation, it is called a transverse wave. Sound waves are longitudinal waves that must pass through a medium, such as air. These are the lecture notes provided for physics 224, the physics of music, taught at mcgill university in fall 2006. Jee mains physics mcq pattern waves chapter practice sample paper download here pdf. The big idea objects in motion that return to the same position after a fixed period of time are said to be in. Longitudinal waves two different motions to describe in a wave. The three wave pulses below travel along the same stretched string. The result of longitudinal waves is the creation of compressions and rarefactions within the air. Motion of the waves energy motion of individual molecules of the wave transverse waves two motions are perpendicular waves on a string, water surface waves longitudinal waves two motions are parallel sound waves waves can have both transverse and longitudinal motion. Sound lies at the very center of speech communication. However, it does talk about a fairly large number of concepts and definitions which may be unfamiliar to you, and a careful. As is true of all types of waves, specific behaviors, properties, and.
Consequently, a sound wave can only propagate through a limited distance. The nature of sound summary the physics hypertextbook. A sound wave is an air pressure disturbance that results from vibration. Pdf physics demonstration of sound waves using visual. Unit test sph3u grade 11 physics waves and sound v 2hz 83. Oct 21, 2015 if a sound wave hits your ear and makes it vibrate, you hear the sound. Gcse physics science revision covering sound waves, the ear, hearing, how do we hear, vibrations, inner ear, human hearing. Sound waves test questions ks3 physics revision bbc bitesize. Pdf physics demonstration of sound waves using visual analyser. So that means that this sound wave is a longitudinal wave, the displacement of the atoms and molecules is along the direction that the wave is moving in. A purely subjective, but unduly restrictive, definition of sound is also possible, as that which is perceived by the ear. Wave motion and sound department of physics and astronomy. This particular model, designed by friedrich fessel and julius plucker, could also show double refraction.
In a solid, a sound wave can be either longitudinal or transverse. Sound wave is a mechanical wave that requires a medium for its propagation. Learn more about the properties and types of sound in this article. The wave in which the particle experiences displacement parallel to the direction of the propagation. A region of decreased pressure on a sound wave is called a rarefaction or dilation. Mechanical waves and sound powerpoint notes free download as powerpoint presentation.
Some of the famous scientists associated with the physics of wave motion are christiaan huygens 16291695, robert hooke and isaac newton. Mechanical waves and sound powerpoint notes sound waves. Sound waves test questions ks3 physics revision bbc. In general, low frequency waves travel further than high frequency waves because there is less energy transferred to the medium. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Oscillations involve a discrete set of quantities that vary in time usually periodically.
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